Langston Hughes Biography :: essays research papers

Langston Hughes was born at the turn of the century. Hughes spent a rootless childhood moving from place to place with his m early(a) who was disjointed from his father. During one year in high school, Hughes spent time with his father in Mexico, a light-skinned man who found an escape from racism in ranching. It was in that very high school that Hughes wrote his first poem after being elected class poet by his fellow classmates.His father was James Nathaniel Hughes, a man who studied law but was unable to take the examination for the bar because he was black. His mother was Carrie Hughes, a woman who studied at the University of Kansas, in an ongoing struggle to earn a living outside of domestic labor. With aid from his father, Hughes attended Columbia University, but soon became disgusted with university life and immersed himself in his first lovethe poetry, jazz and blues of Harlem. Hughes supported himself in odd jobs like being a nightclub doorman while he traveled to places like West Africa, Italy, and Paris. During this time, Hughes wrote poems that earned him a scholarship to Lincoln University in Pennsylvania. His first publish poem was also one of his most famous, "The Negro Speaks of Rivers", which was published in The Brownies Book. Some of the poems by Hughes provide political protests or social criticism, while others depict poverty, prejudice, and hopelessness in the life of an African American in Harlem. Later, his poems, short plays, essays, and short stories appeared in the NAACP publication Crisis Magazine they were also showcased in Opportunity Magazine as well as other publications. One of Hughes finest essays appeared in print in 1926, entitled "The Negro Artist and the Racial Mountain.His grandmother, Mary Sampson Patterson Leary Langston, was very prominent in the African American union of Lawrence, Kansas.

William Faulkner’s The Sound and the Fury Essay -- Faulkner Sound Fury

William Faulkners The Sound and the FuryIn William Faulkners The Sound and the Fury, the image of meeting house is used repeatedly to reflect Quentins preoccupation with Caddys sexuality. Throughout the Quentin section of Faulkners work, the image of honeysuckle arises in conjunction with the mischief of Caddys virginity and Quentins anxiety over this loss. The particular construction of this image is unique and important to the work in that Quentin himself understands that the honeysuckle is a symbolism for Caddys sexuality. The stream of consciousness technique, with its attempt at rendering the complex flow of human consciousness, is used by Faulkner to realistically show how symbols argon imposed upon the mind when experiences and sense perceptions coalesce. Working with this modernist technique, Faulkner is able to examine the creation function of symbols in human consciousness.The occurrences of honeysuckle in the Quentin section suggest that Quentin came to mickle this plant as a symbol for Caddys sexuality involuntarily. When Quentin attempts to convince his father that he was the one who impregnated Caddy, he connects honeysuckle with his sisters loss of virginity I fooled you all the time I was in the house where that damn honeysuckle trying not to think the swing the cedars the secret surges the existing locked drinking the wild breath the yes Yes Yes yes (94). In Quentins memory of the night Caddy lost her virginity, he recalls honeysuckle as a significant section of the event. In addition, he is hostile towards the plants and its meaning, which can be seen in his damning of it. This connection to the sexual act and the hostility, which is ascribed to it, suggests the internal conflict in his anger... ... of our deepest memories, rather they atomic number 18 active forces in our life, capable of controlling the mind of the individual. Works CitedBauer, Margaret D. Southern Literary Journal. I Have Sinned in That I Have Betrayed t he Innocent Blood Quentins perception of His Guilt. 2000 32.2 70-90.Bockting, Ineke. Style. The impossible world of the schizophrenic William Faulkners Quentin Compson. 199024.3 484-498.Kartiganer, Donald M. The Meaning of Form in The Sound and the Fury. The Sound and the Fury. Ed. David Minter. mod York W.W. Norton and Company, 1994. 333. Vickery, Olga W. The Sound and the Fury A Study in Perspectives. The Sound and the Fury. Ed. David Minter. New York W.W. Norton and Company, 1994. 285. Zender, Karl F. American Literature. Faulkner and the Politics of Incest. 1998 70.4 739-766.

Analysis of Hills Like White Elephants Essay -- Hills Like White Elepha

Analysis of Hills Like White Elephants Hills Like White Elephants, by Ernest Hemingway, is a short trading floor published in 1927 that takes place in a train home in Spain with a man and a woman discussing an operation. Most of the story is entirely dialogue between the two characters, the American and Jig. This couple is at a critical point in their lives when they must decide whether or not to score an abortion. Certain themes arise from this story such as choices and consequences, doubt and ambiguity, and how men and women relate. Hemingway also uses many examples of symbolism in Hills Like White Elephants, including descriptions of the surrounding scenery, the hills themselves, and the station where the action takes place. Cl primordial, this short story crosses timelines to become relevant to both the early twentieth century and modern times.The most obvious theme recognized early in this short story is that of choices and consequences. The couple is unmarried and the girl has become pregnant, but the man wants her to have an abortion. The American obviously believes that the abortion will chuck up the sponge the couple from any responsibilities, which is what they have been experiencing before this turn of events ( shortstop Stories for Students 158). The man also feels that the pregnancy is the only thing that has caused them to have arguments and become unhappy with each early(a) in the relationship (Hamid 77). Clearly, the girl is reluctant in her decision to have the abortion. She feels that either choice she makes will not have much of an effect on their long-term relationship and hopes of finding true love and happiness (Short Stories for Students 158).Another theme found in Hills Like White Elephants is that of doubt and ... ...ingway allowed this story to be open for discussion for many years to follow, allowing it to not only reflect the ideas of pre-World War II Europe, but to be adapted to the thoughts of modern societies.Bib liographyWorks CitedAkers, Tim (Ed.). Short Stories for Students (Vol. 6). Farmington Hills, MI Gale, 1999. 158-170. Beacham, Walton. Critical Survey of Short Fiction. Ed. Frank N. Magill. Englewood Cliffs, NJ Salem Press, 1981. 6-8 Hamid, Syed Ali. Men with Women Hemingway Love Stories. The Short Fiction of Ernest Hemingway. New Delhi Ashish Publishing House, 1985. 77-78.Johnston, Kenneth G. Short Stories for Students (Vol. 6). Ed. Tim Akers. Farmington Hills, MI Gale, 1999. 167-168.Weeks, Lewis E. Jr. Short Stories for Students (Vol. 6). Ed. Tim Akers. Farmington Hills, MI Gale, 1999. 169-170.

Sonnys Blues :: essays research papers

Brothers tend to grow apart yet eventually find a way to revive an old wipe out up relationship. These comrades grew up on the rough streets of Harlem and went their separate ways. Sonny was a drug-addicted musician and his older brother was a high school algebra instructor with a family. The way the two brothers reunite through addiction, memories and strife make their bond seem stronger than ever. Sonnys Blues, by James Baldwin, is a news report about enlightenment through brotherhood when Sonny and his brother go to the club.Sonnys brother saw the newspaper while he was on his way to work and realized that his little brother was in trouble because of drugs. The beginning of the enlightenment started when Sonnys brother ran into the man who got Sonny started on heroin, or how they call it horse. A great block of ice got settled in my belly and kept melting there slowly all twenty-four hours long, while I taught my classes algebra. It was a special kind of ice. It kept melting . Sending trickles of ice water all up and down my veins but it never got less. sometimes it hardened and seemed to expand until I felt my guts were going to come spilling out or that I was going to choke or scream. This would always be at the moment when I was remembering some specific thing Sonny had once said or done. The fact that Sonnys brother wanted to have nothing to do with helping Sonny made it seem that he did not care that his brother was killing himself but kabbalistic down he knew that I was killing him too. Sonnys brother felt like he had to help Sonny but he should not because his brother got himself into the drug scene.Sonnys brother and him finally decided to reconcile when Gracie, Sonnys niece, passed away at a young age. The brothers wrote spinal column and forth and one thing became clear to Sonnys brother, music affected him. Sonnys brother always saw the music/ sack out scene as an unhealthy lifestyle full of drugs and scandal. The only thing Sonny would rea lly reinforce was that it was not because of the music. Sonny came back to New York afterward rehab from heroin and came to see the old neighborhood in Harlem. The brothers see that they have so much to be thankful for and that they will always have for each one other.

Term Essays -- essays research papers

Dreams all(prenominal) ninety minutes of every night were asleep, a fancy unfolds. The short dreams at the beginning of the night argon commonly no more exciting that the idle thoughts that randomly pop into our heads when were awake. But as the night progresses, the length of each dream increases (the last dream can be up to twenty minutes long), the body responds more intensely (increased heartbeat, respiration, muscle twitching), and the dreams become deeper.Dreams are sometimes said to be run-of-the-mill sequences of images that are experienced by the mind during sleep. For thousands of years they were regarded as divine visitations or predictions. Dreams were not really scientifically studied until the 19th century. Today they are still being studied to learn more about mans nature.Dreaming is a natural ability- we all dream every night. Every one dreams when sleeping at least three to four times every night. The problem however is remembering the dream. But there is a focu s to remembering dreams. It is believed that dreams are remembered more accurately immediately after awakening during the night rather than in the morning. Remembering dreams takes time, effort, and patience.Researchers discovered that people who tend to go out their dreams show a greater amount of rapid eye movement, which is associated with greater amounts of activity in the dream. However, when these people did remember the content of their dreams, it wa...

Term Essays -- essays research papers

Dreams every(prenominal) ninety minutes of every night were asleep, a ambition unfolds. The short dreams at the beginning of the night are ordinarily no more exciting that the idle thoughts that randomly pop into our heads when were awake. But as the night progresses, the length of each dream increases (the last dream can be up to twenty minutes long), the body responds more intensely (increased heartbeat, respiration, muscle twitching), and the dreams become deeper.Dreams are sometimes said to be run-of-the-mill sequences of images that are experienced by the mind during sleep. For thousands of years they were regarded as divine visitations or predictions. Dreams were not really scientifically studied until the 19th century. Today they are still being studied to learn more about mans nature.Dreaming is a natural ability- we all dream every night. Every one dreams when sleeping at least three to four times every night. The problem however is remembering the dream. But there is a bureau to remembering dreams. It is believed that dreams are remembered more accurately immediately after awakening during the night rather than in the morning. Remembering dreams takes time, effort, and patience.Researchers discovered that people who tend to stop their dreams show a greater amount of rapid eye movement, which is associated with greater amounts of activity in the dream. However, when these people did remember the content of their dreams, it wa...

Argument for Market Segmentation

Market segmentation is the process of dividing the food food market according to similarities that exist among the various subgroups at heart the market. The similarities may be common characteristics, or common needs and desires. (All Business Directory Of Business Terms 2011) Market segmentation has become an important function in the banking industry because of the existence of intense competition, not only within the industry but also from the likes of finance and insurance companies. Banks deal with various types of customers e. g. , individuals, group of great deal, somatic entities, etc. ho all welcome their likes and dislikes.No bank can afford to assess the need of each and every individual customer separately. It is almost impossible for banks to market all these categories of customers on a one-to-one basis, particularly if they simply rely on predictable socio-economic data like age and income as the base for dividing customers into segments. To overcome this prob lem, a bank must adopt a market segmentation strategy, which recognises the wisdom of specialising to suit the need of a segment of the market rather than trying to address the requirements of each and every customer separately.Spark Slide 43 highlights that segmentation is needed because you cannot be all things to all people. Market segmentation enables more accurate and effective communication of benefits in relation to needs. Market segmentation would also help the bank or any(prenominal) organisation identify growth opportunities. ?Market of banking products can be segmented in a number of different ways. Market segmentation must have certain qualities that make it possible to specialise the selling approaches.The segmentation must be measurable in terms of the criteria used for segmentation accessible by means of the distribution system and sizable in volume in order to generate the economy of operations. One of the rational ways of segmentation could be dividing the bankin g market into retail and wholesale market. With market segmentation a bank can gain a competitive edge by programming different marketing strategies for customers of different segments. It could be argued that a bank segments its market into more or less homogeneous groups, in terms of their needs and expectations from the banking industry.With out market segmentation, organisations do not fully understand their market, their competitors strategies, and their own customer and prospect base, meaning they are simply not equipped to compete effectively. Their attempts to attract customers will be fruitless, both because the propositions are not sufficiently targeted to be fully relevant to the majority of customers, but also because the communications and channel activities aimed at customer encyclopaedism will lack focus and relevance.

Champion Equality, Diversity and Inclusion Essay

1.1 develop models of practice that underpin equality, diversity and inclusion body in your orbital cavity of responsibility Our organisation is built upon person centred practice and which I uphold this in my daily practice. Person centred practice is defined as the belief in the others potential and ability to launch the remedy choices for him or herself, regardless of the therapists avow values, beliefs and ideas (BAPCA, 2013). In applying this to people who penetration our serving substance ab white plaguers this imagines that tutelage plans atomic number 18 designed with the exclusive at the centre presenting both choice and control to our clients. This is reflected in legislation produced by the UNCRC which states that people assimilate the right to check what they think should happen when making conclusions that affect them and that people with whatever kind of impediment should progress to special c be and support so that they burn down hand full and in dependent lives (2011). This model celebrates diversity and conforms to the idea of egalitarianism by recognising that everyone is equal in social status therefore people be interact in the same way because although people differ they tout ensemble equ on the wholey deserve (Arneson, 2013).Conversely this also office removing the inequalities that affect people so that they jakes achieve similar life circumstances and present be presented with equal life standards. This is applied to my practice by considering a persons preferences, for character the way each individual prefer to communicate and be communicated with and their likes and dislikes in relation to community activities. Taking individuals preferences into account when designing and operating(a) a gain recognises a aid users wishes, posits and rights. therefore this admirers to diminish the production of a generic one size fits all supply which does not value the individual. This way of designing work also giv es power to the client, moving away from the idea of the professional as the expert, and takes into account their in demand(p) level and type of involvement at bottom the community activities.By valuing and including the individual at every level of their suffice of process from design to implementation and indeed on a regular basis reviewing their service maintains client position of macrocosm in control of and truly involved in their service. These personal choices connect to making surely that everyone receives the same rights relating to inclusion within the community and a provision that treats each individual with dignity and respect. Another model of practice that underpins our service is the Social Model of Disability which sitesdisability as a creation of hunting lodges shortcomings by resisting admiting and changing to embarrass people with disabilities (Carson, 2009).Society is therefore the cause of a persons disablement rather than solely belonging to the pers on themselves. With this in headway, my neighborhood of responsibility encompasses accessing mainstream services and including service users in daily activities within the community to render connections, build familiarity and promoting independency. This is not without obstacles as services and locations must(prenominal) be try assessed, winning into account an individuals personal preferences as well as the suitability of a place, to ensure that service users dumbfound fair and equal access to environments and opportunities.Arneson, R. (2013) Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Available from http//plato.stanford.edu/entries/egalitarianism/ Accessed 25 disdainful 2014 BAPCA (The British connector for the Person-Centred Approach) (2013) What is the Person-Centred Approach? Available from http//www.bapca.org.uk/ roughly/what-is-it.html Accessed 19 August 2014 Carson, G. on behalf of the Scottish Accessible Information Forum (2009) The Social Model of Disability. Available from http//www.ukdpc.net/site/images/ subroutine library/Social%20Model%20of%20Disability2.pdf Accessed 25 August 2014 UNCRC (The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child) (2013) Your Rights. Available from http//www.uncrcletsgetitright.co.uk/index.php/right Accessed 19 August 20141.2 Analyse the potential effects of barriers to equality and inclusion in your ara of responsibility Potential barriers to equality and inclusion within my area of responsibility exist on several levels due to running(a) with incapacitate service users engaging within the community. In reference to the matrix of oppression (Hardiman and Jackson, 1997) social oppression is maintained and operationalised at three levels the individual, the institutional and the societal. It explains that these merchantman be displayed through behaviours and/or attitudes both consciously and unconsciously. The effects of these barriers can be the reduced access to certain environments because of lack of lift or necessary promote or the implementation of processesby organisations that do not allow for the differences amongst all people within society.Barriers within my area of responsibility can come from the prejudgment that people with impairments cannot operate within mainstream society which is a form of social exclusion that upholds segregation. By seeking separate services or opportunities that are specifically designed to eliminate all peril denies individuals the possibility of inclusion within mainstream services. This again links to the social model of disability placing the issues with societys indisposition to change and adapt to incorporate everyone rather than with an individuals personal checkup diagnosis (Carson, 2009). This is not helped by the media portrayal of disabled people as be helpless or subject to positive discrimination or by being excluded from many public forums altogether. Bronfenbrenner (1979) viewed the social environment as a great influence on pe ople and that being subjected to other peoples attitudes and perceptions of disability, especially from people who are non-disabled, helps individuals to influence perceptions of oneself.If people with impairments are not expected or encouraged to progress in life they whitethorn assume that this is something that they are not capable of and internalise this oppression. On an individual level an individuals behaviour and attitude towards their inability to progress could result in anger/frustration or passivity/ambivalence when consistently confront with supposedly unachievable goals. This is combated in our organisations by attempting to understand the abilities and inevitably of those who access our service and provide service users with the same social and civil rights through risk assessed opportunities to succeed and progress. Within our organisation barriers to inclusion can lie with members of round being reluctant to join in with certain activities for their own personal r easons lessen the equality of opportunity for service users.These can be formed by beliefs in of a negative outcome for the service user or a the reluctance to perform a task themselves. As part of my role each activity is risk assessed and the possibility of negative outcomes is managed and reviewed. From infering day reports and regularly talking to both staff and service users about the suitability of their datetables and the locations they are accessing helps to address any concerns and reinforce to staff that, as a person centred service, the outcomes are for the service users benefit. This is helped by critically reflecting on practice to seehow services and positive outcomes can be improved.Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human breeding Experiments by nature and design. Cambridge Harvard University Press. Carson, G. on behalf of the Scottish Accessible Information Forum (2009) The Social Model of Disability. Available from http//www.ukdpc.net/site/images/libra ry/Social%20Model%20of%20Disability2.pdf Accessed 25 August 2014 Hardiman, R. and Jackson, B. W. (1997) Conceptual foundations for social justice courses, in Adams, M. A., Bell, L. A. and Griffin, P. (eds) Teaching for Diversity and Social Justice A Sourcebook. New York Routledge1.3 Analyse the impact of legislation and policy initiatives on the promotion of equality, diversity and inclusion Services such as the one I work for aim to enable people to participate within society using a person-centred approach considering that all service users are experts in their own lives. Participation is a requirement reflected in policies created to ensure people with impairments deliver input into the creation of the services and mandates that directly affect peoples lives. Personalisation was introduced through legislation which is primarily a way of thinking about services and those who use them, rather than being a worked out set of policy prescriptions (Needham, 2014, p.92). Direct payment s and personal budgets both upholding these principles and were detailed in The Community tuition (Direct Payments) serve 1996 (Great Britain, 1996) introduced to ensure greater choice, control and independence for people with disability. By designing and assessing services from the bottom-up this approach stems from the consumerist model of participation and empowers service users to gain cultivation to choose and access their own services (Kemshall and Littlechild, 2000).By giving service users choice rather than standard provision this recognises diversity and individual need which requires a service to be designed around a person. Having the ability to choose ones services creates the equality of opportunity and helps adapt to each persons wishes and ideals concerning inclusion. The allocation of personal budgets may not be suitable for all when considering the struggle of being responsible for locating and accessing provision for service users dealing with significant healt h issues. Also although budgets can be spent at thediscretion of the service user, rising costs and diminishing resources can mean that affording essential care limits the prospect of community involvement and therefore reduces social inclusion. Another act of legislation to impact upon the promotion of equality, diversity and inclusion is the comparability Act (2010) which protects people with certain protected characteristics, including disability, from direct and indirect discrimination, harassment and victimisation.This protects people from discrimination arising if this means that individual is treated unfavourably as a consequence of their disability. Equality in itself and the true meaning of the act ensures that everyone has the same witnesss to do what they can and consequently some people may need extra help to get the same chances. This act promoted the inclusion of a diverse range of people within jobs and communities and also the introduction of equality supervise f orms to evidence that workplaces and services were being opened to all.The introduction of this legislation meant that people would be awarded positions establish on merit and justify that all people would have a fair and equal chance opportunity not be treated less favourably. This is reflected in our company policies and the way we help connect those who access our service and their community. It also meant that public places had a transaction to sack up reasonable adjustments to allow access to all by making structural changes where necessary to eliminate any disadvantage. Subsequently the building we use is all on one floor containing no steps and is fitted with several appliances and aids to assist those who need help.Kemshall, H. and Littlechild, R. (eds) (2000) drug user Involvement and Participation in Social financial aid. London Jessica Kingsley. Needham, C. (2014) Personalization From day centres to community hubs? Critical Social Policy, 34(1) 90-108.Great Britain ( 1996) Community Care (Direct Payments) Act 1990 (London HMSO), ch. 30. Great Britain (2010) Equality Act (London The Stationery Office) ch. 15.3.1 Analyse how systems and processes can promote equality and inclusion or reinforce discrimination and exclusion Systems and processes are constantlybeing updated outwardly by governments and councils and should often be reviewed internally to make sure that businesses are adhering to any changes and to make sure that the internal processes are working for those attending the company. By not adapting to true legislation are not upholding the law this can be for a number of reasons such as not keeping up to date with new amendments or legislation, that their way of working is more convenient for the workers or management or by becoming set if their ways. This can mean that service users are not receiving the best quality service or that certain outdated procedures are no longer approved and therefore should not be practiced.Setting a stan dard and equal level for all service users community provision means that everyone is treated equally, at the same cadence this means that personal differences are not being taken into account and therefore this reinforces discrimination by not allowing each person to fix in their own way. Excluding individuals from certain activities because they are unsuitable for other people means that they are not being given the full scope to expand engage in their interests which in turn excludes options based on the assessment of others. As an example when attempting to gain development on how to improve services a questionnaire may be designed to capture the views of clients and their families on how a service is meeting peoples needs. This questionnaire may have been designed with the idea in mind to promote equality and inclusion and help to tailor future ideas to those directly in abut with the service.Conversely supplying just a paper questionnaire excludes the views of anyone who cannot read or write and therefore go forth only capture the views of a certain number of people. This process would be better suited to a method acting of capturing data whereby it is decided upon what development needs to be collected and then setting about producing flexible and varied methods to ensure everyone is acknowledged in the consultation. By reviewing services and auditing practice in line with current legislation companies can avoid providing a generic and outdated service. Having regular staff meetings to ensure that steady-going practice can be shared and to create a strong working partnership where everyone understands and issues and try fors to any ideas to do with working patterns and initiatives.Another idea in line with ensuring that systems and processes are working properly and promote equality is by involving external assessors to get a fair view of how well staff are trained and are up todate on their practice and can they check that all staff understa nd the ways that they are working in line with the companies philosophies. This reduces nepotism and negates any personal feelings within a workforce by having sincere assessors take facts on face value, such as is paperwork all being completed accordingly, checking training records and reviewing processes.3.2 Evaluate the effectiveness of systems and processes in promoting equality, diversity and inclusion in your area of responsibility There are several systems and processes in my area of responsibility that promote equality, diversity and inclusion including making specific improvements to individual clients service provision and liaising with staff to ensure they feel competent at perform their roles. Firstly, by getting feedback from staff, service users and their families and through direct observation improvements can be made to aid clients in providing a better service. This can only be done through a process of collecting evidence and evaluating the outcomes and benefits for service users. Substantial evidence is required in order to make changes with service users that honour their personal preferences and act in their best interests.Making a case for change through a set system and by taking time over helping to discover and explore the best options takes time this of course is over ruled in a case where a service user is at risk of harm where we will act as shortly as possible to remove that risk. By building up a profile, with service users help, our company can adapt to changes for each individual and help to review care plans and timetables to provide the most fluid and legitimate service possible. This method is effective as it is based on solid and substantial evidence from many sources and helps service users to express advised choice about how they can best access the community. This is also a slow process, which can cause frustrations but by ensuring that the reclaim improvements are made the first time limits unnecessary change.Secon dly, having regular meetings with staff and ensuring that any concerns or praise is received is essential to a good staff moral and how to maintain an inclusive working environment. Many of the opportunities I have to meet with staff are informally, either face-to-face or on the phone. I often have to address issues then and there and seek out information to assist within a set timescale. Timescales are essential as they provide staff with realisticmeasures to have their needs met or to be supplied with information, this helps to build confidence in an inclusive integrated working team. Processes are in place for new staff to make sure that they call read the care plans of the service users that they will be working with and sign them to signal that they have understood and will apply the table of contents in their practice.This system is essential as it helps staff to get a picture of a person before they start to work with them and accept their personal preferences and adapt to su it each individual. This promotes equality, diversity and inclusion as all staff receive the same training and are accountable for recognising the specific ways to work with individuals with specific needs. By supporting staff directly and being willing to help when they need it in the different ways that it is required, in time if this is by referring them to someone more experienced or competent than myself, means that staff recognise our efforts in helping them to work effectively. Consequently as part of the process, reviewing last(prenominal) issues or concerns with staff means that progress can be measured and confidence in their development can be confirmed.3.3 Propose improvements to address gaps or shortfalls in systems and processes Recording and reporting is paramount when working with a service that cares for individuals who may not always be able to communicate their preferences and opinions clearly. Making sure the correct information is relayed and disseminated effi ciently to create consistency for clients in our ways of working is essential. The importance of reporting and recording is that clear, comprehensive and up to date information is disseminated to anyone working with service users and that we can provide a linear and consistent way of working. In an attempt to try to record occurrences during each shift staff are asked to complete day reports at the conclusion of every service this is to be done as soon as possible to retain any details even minute which may help to build a larger picture of how to adapt to a service users needs.As a part of my role I have been asked to redesign these day reports, seeking help from the individuals themselves, the proficient Practice Manager and member of staff who regularly working to support the individuals. Sometimes this is required as part of a mandatory annual review of a service users care plan or because of concerns that our service is not meeting the needs of an individual. This process can be particularly slow and takes time to make sure that it is done correctly.Getting the chance to gather all staff together, including the individual and their family is often complicated. Redesigning each individuals day report from the generic format means that we can gather a daily catalogue of the specific type of information necessary to helping bring about changes and provide an effective service.One of the gaps I have found in logging these day reports is that not all staff completed them, let alone hand them in within the 48 second window of when they should be received. This also negates the reasoning behind designing new day reports if they are not being filled in. I understand how all important(p) these reports are to helping support our service users but I also understand that after a long day of work terminate these forms in your own time (unpaid) is not the most appealing prospect. Being part of every member of staffs job role not completing these day reports can le ad to disciplinary measures.Alternatively I believe that a proposed improvement would be rewarding and recognising when staff have completed all their relevant forms and celebrating this as I myself understand the effort and dedication this requires. This approach of focusing on the positive helps to highlight good practice rather than jaw bad practice. Also in giving staff equal opportunities if day reports are not being completed meeting to discourse the cause means adaptations can be made in light of personal requirements if necessary. Other than this, giving staff the paid time to complete these forms would also be appreciated although I understand that this also causes issues because if staff are then being paid to complete the day reports and are not doing so this creates a bigger issue for management.4.1 Describe ethical dilemmas that may arise in your area of responsibility when balancing individual rights and duty of care When balancing individual rights and duty of care there are several points in relation to ethical dilemmas involved in ensuring that service users remain safe but are slake accessing a full inclusive range of activities. For this question I will take an example I have not yet come into contact with but may well do in the course of my work. An ethical dilemma in my working practice could be a service user choosing not to take their medication. This crosses a lot of lines as it indicates personal choice but also can clash with a service users best interests. From the medication training I have had anymedication I help to administer to a service user must be done with my full noesis of the process of how to dispense it and why the service user is taking it. In some circumstances this medication is essential to a service users well-being on an emotional or physical level. This is a dilemma that I would need to seek advice on, firstly from the Good Practice Manager at work and the GP whose jurisdiction the service user belongs to.As i t is always a service users choice to take any type of medication the only intervention would be if a service user was at significant risk to themselves or others because of this reduction in medication. Significant harm is defined as the threshold that justifies compulsory intervention relating to the impairment of a persons health and development (Children Act, 1989). If I were informed of a situation like this I would require documentation of how regularly a service user has opted not to take medication and if they consistently refuse then medical professionals would need to be informed and the effects of doing so would need to be monitored. In extreme cases this may mean medical intervention or hospitalisation if a service user was deteriorating.This relates to the issue of informed choice by helping to outline a service users options and discuss the possible outcomes as a part of risk management. When an individual understands the reasoning behind options by being given fair a nd balanced advice this can aid them in comprehending the outcomes of their actions. This being said there is often an ethical imbalance between our own personal views and beliefs and that of someone else. In these instances reflection can be useful to understand where feelings or ideas routed and help to understand my input in a situation and where I should step back to make sure I do not cause influence.Also the instance outlined above breaches into confidentiality as well because I am required to record when a service user takes their medication and if they asked me not to inform anyone that they had ceased taking it I would still be required to pass on this information. Falsifying records is not acceptable within the remit of my role and this misinformation could lead to serious consequences for both myself and service users. Great Britain. Children Act online.Chapter 41. (1989) legislation.gov.uk. Available from http//www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1989/41/contents Accessed 29 Au gust 2014.4.2 Explain the principle of informed choiceIn order for any services to be carried out by our company there needs to be informed consent from each individual to the implementation of such actions in cases where individuals do not have the skill to consent their guardian are required to do so. cognizant consent can only be given if those accessing our services are allowed to make informed choices. Detailed in a relevant White newsprint (OKDHS, 2002, p6) informed choice involves the exchange and understanding of relevant information so that a associationable, reasoned and un-pressured decision can be made it stresses that the individual or their representative must have the competence and legal talent to make such choices. In order to make an informed choice one needs to build up a picture of the available options and compare the advantages and disadvantages of each based on a range of high quality, un-biased and relevant information (Baxter, K., Glendinning, C. and Cl arke, S., 2008).Individuals are entitled to informed choices as experts in their own lives when making decisions. Putting this into context within my role this means supporting service users to make informed choices about the services they receive in an enabling environment this being a place where individuals can experiment safely and voice their opinions without fear of repercussion. This can be done by supplying the individual with relevant information and discussing the outcomes of certain scenarios. This requires a non-judgemental stand point and the information given should be impartial and devoid of advice or personal connection. The understanding that individuals may make different choices to you is an important part of risk management. Outcomes should be supported with the knowledge that all the necessary information has been provided and there is no risk of significant harm to the individual.It is essential to consider both the short and long term outcomes with the service user and to compare the idea of their choice with the reality once undertaken to understand the benefits and potential harms as a result. Issues that arise when considering the impact of informed choice include ethical concerns about whether someones choice is in their own best interest, this relates to issues of power. These can be overcome by recognising that we all have the right to make our own choices but can become experts by experience given the opportunity. In relation to service users who are deemed to lack the mental capacity to make informed choicesthe Mental Capacity Act (Great Britain, 2005) allows individuals the right to select carers to make decisions on their behalf to be made in their best interestsI will discuss this act more thoroughly in the next point (4.3). My role as a professional is to implementing their informed choice and assist by reviewing the impact of this through specific time measured outcomes. Baxter, K., Glendinning, C. and Clarke, S. (2008) Maki ng informed choices in social care The importance of accessible information,Health and Social Care in the Community, 16, 2, 197-207 Great Britain (2005) Mental Capacity Act 2005 (London The Stationary Office), ch 9. OKDHS (2002) Principles and Guidelines for Service Delivery Concepts of Informed Choice and Informed Consent. Available from http//advantage.ok.gov/WhitePapers/InformedChoiceInformenConsent.pdf Accessed 26 August 20144.3 Explain how issues of individual capacity may affect informed choice Individual capacity impacts upon informed choice when a person is unable to make their own decisions. According to the Mental Health Act (2005) is a set of rules which protect you if you are not able to make decisions and mental capacity is the ability to make your own decisions. It states that in order to make a decision you need to be able to understand all the information relevant to making that decision, use or weigh up that information, keep or remember that information, have the m eans to communicate your decision to someone else. It also states that making an unwise decision is different than not being able to make a decision. Individual capacity must be assessed before deemed an individual is deemed to lack such capacity.There is a test contained within the Mental Capacity Act which has to be completed for each decision that needs to be made as capacity can vary depending on the decision being made and is completed by a health care professional. The assessment entails being able to understand the information needed to make the decision, being able to remember and recall that information, being able to understand the result or outcome of the choice you are making, or being able to tell people your decision in any way, such as talking, sign language or squeezing someones hand. In the case where an individual is deems to lack in individual capacity to make an informed choice decisions others will have to make decisions on your behalf. This legislation protects carers andhealthcare professionals.If they think you need care or treatment and you lack capacity they have a legal right to treat you without your consent. The issues touch individual capacity and informed choice affect out care as we would have to direct our personal centred care based on information and decisions made by others rather than the individual who we care for. Ensuring that any individual in our care has a high level of service that respects their cover and dignity is one of the philosophies that our company is based on so engaging, including and communicating any service user in their daily routine would still be our priority. That is not to say that we would inform an individual of their care plan and their engagement if this were deemed stressful for the client and a decision would need to be made on a case by case basis.All information and facts gathered from the following pages Mental Capacity Act (2005) cited in Rethink Mental ailment (2014) Mental capacity a nd mental illness. Available from http//www.rethink.org/living-with-mental-illness/mental-health-laws/mental-capacity/principles Accessed 26 August 20144.4 Propose a strategy to manage risks when balancing individual rights and duty of care in your area of responsibility By completing risk assessments and creating appropriate procedures based on current knowledge and by pre-empting situations and management strategies before incidents occur help to uphold our duty of care as an organisation. Strategies that are used to manage risk include devising action plans including, where possible, service users and their families and friends. By using the knowledge of service users and their capacity to express what they like and dislike as well as their preferences is essential in designing a service around an individual. Documenting and disseminating current and up to date information to all staff working with any individual using are service means that we can provide tenaciousness of servi ce, information on how to manage certain risks and help to fulfil a service users wants and needs. Team meetings and regular core group meeting about a service, again preferably including service users, provide the opportunity to monitoring and review any changes and developments for a service users health and well-being.By being clearabout everyones role and responsibilities within a service and how best to record and report information, depending on its importance relaying it to people in the correct way and within the shortest time frame. Respecting individuals rights can bring up ethical dilemma and concerns which staff are instructed to discuss as soon as possible and to record when reporting on each service to be assess and reviewed under our duty of care. This is to benefit individuals attending our service by keeping them safe, in both the short and long term. Each individual has the right to informed choice and to have these choices supported even if they conflict with our own. Through proper assessment and review the impact of a service users choice can be monitored and justified based on their rights to be continued as long as they are not deemed to be causing harm to themselves of others.Legislation is always changing and it is haughty that as an organisation we are up to date on current laws and policies that govern our service. An example of the balance of individual rights and duty of care may include a service user choosing not to wear their seatbelt when using their wheelchair. Legislation states that when the wheelchair is in motion the belt should be worn to prevent harm to the user. In this case a risk assessment should be carried out and the possible consequences of not wearing the belt explained to the user.If their choice remains the same then advice must be sought depending on the usage of the chair and the necessity of them wearing the belt and if it is imperative then seeking consent from service user, or in relevant cases their fami ly. If this is seen as restriction of rights then receiving signed confirm that this is their choice would be required. This information should then be relayed to all staff working with this service user and explained that caution must be used when using the wheelchair. Ideally asking staff to sign to say they have understood the new procedures and risk assessment and this should be reviewed regularly.Disability Discrimination Act (1995)Equality Act (2010)Mental Health Act (1983)NHS and Community Care Act (1990)Websites and readingCare Quality Commission , www.cqc.org.uk

Non Financial Compensation

Satisfied minds perform well . Non Financial compensation which is not in the form of direct pay has great capture on employees motivation, performance and job satisfaction. Time is as precious as money and that encouraged many employees to request for a flexible benefits like flextime, prostrate work calendar week, telecommuting, part time work, job sharing, modified retirement. According to a nationwide survey of U. S. workers release by Gallup Organization and Carlson Marketing Group(Mondy, R. Wayne (2010), Human election Management (9th ed. ) ) indicates that nearly every seven out of ten employees say nonpecuniary forms of recognition provide the best motivation and satisfaction which is directly related to the adjure in company profits. The work life balance is a key factor for many employers in attracting and retaining the talented employees. This paper focuses on workplace tractableness at SSM IHT(Integrated health Technologies), which include flextime, compressed work week, telecommuting and part time work.SSM IHT provides Information technology services to the SSM Health Cargon makeup which has group of hospitals in four states. Workplace flexibility plays a major role in daily lives of the employees here. Providing flexible work time for employees allows them to work at their close to productive time, flextime. This creates healthy atmosphere and motivates employees to perform well. Everyone has preferences and commitments towards work & life, some prefers to work 4 days a week, by compressing the 40 unfluctuating hours, than the regular five days a week and spend remaining time with their familys.A 56 years old female employee at SSM IHT starts her work daily at 6am and ends day at 5pm, she works 10 hours a day for four days in a week and takes a day off both Friday or Monday, that way she wants to spend quality time with her family and also help her handicapped aunt. Her situation is a perfect example for a flextime and compressed workw eek. but this flexibility has disadvantages, it adds extra load on other employees when she is not at work.Telecommuting is an essential way of doing the work from any remote location using computers which atomic number 18 connected through internet to their obligation, it is called as Work From Home(WFH) here at SSM IHT. Most of the Information technology service providers now provide telecommuting. At SSM IHT employees are provided with option of working from home more than a day , on some special cases they have provided WFH all five days a week for some employees. Telecommuting provides more flexibility and encourages employees to have work-life balance.Mainly during disasters and bad weathers SSM encourages employees to stay home and work, that way safety of the employees are addressed effectively by the organization and at the same time daily services are not interrupted. Also telecommuting addresses the challenge of ever growing work force and office space, this also save s the employees travel expences and promotes greener planet. Part-Time work employees work for less hours than full time work employees, usually students and parents with children prefer to work part time.Employees utilize this flexibility when they want to spend time in managing their personal business or managing their children. A manager of SAP Finance and BW ,who is parent of three children, opted to go from fulltime to part-time and only works from Tuesday to Thursday, she wanted to spend more time with children in educating them. This flexibility made her to stay back at this organization. In Summary, Non monetary benefits like workplace flexibility provide satisfaction and motivate employees at SSM IHT to perform well which increases the productivity.Due to these flexibilities employee retention is very high at SSM IHT where many employees are working for more than 20 years. Like every coin has two sides, these flexibilities also have its own pitfalls which adds extra load on employees, who has to take up the tasks in their absence, results in extra fatigue. But these flexibilities enhances the organizations image and encourages new employees towards this organization.

EGT1 †Economics and Global Business Applications Essay

Elasticity of contain is a measure of responsiveness to a price change of a wakeless or service. When collect is elastic, the serving of a price change of a product go away result in a larger percentage of mensuration demanded (McConnell, p 77). It basically means reducing the price of a good service bequeath result in a greater quantity demanded and an increase in gross for the seller. When demand is inelastic, a change in price will result in a reduction of quantity demanded, which will then lead to a revenue decrease (McConnell, p 77). To demonstrate elastic and inelastic demand results, Company A sells 100 pens at $1.00 a piece each day, making their revenue $100.00.Company A then decides to sell their pens at $.50, which results in a add up of 250 pens being sold. The total revenue from the price drop is $125, resulting in an additional $25.00 therefore the demand in this scenario is elastic. If selling the pens at the decreased price of $.50 would result in more pens being sold, but less total revenue, the demand is said to inelastic. According to McConnell, when demand in unit elastic, the percentage change in price and the resulting percentage changes in demand are the same. The change in price will not increase or decrease revenue.Cross price walk all over measures the response of demand to a change in price of another(prenominal) substitute or complimentary good (McConnell, p. 87). Substitute goods are goods that can be obtaind in belongings of another good. Examples of substitute goods are soda (buying Coke vs. Pepsi), computers, and potato chips. A positive cross elasticity of demand means the increase of price in one good, for pattern Coca-Cola, will increase the demand of a substitute good, for example Pepsi.As the price for Coke increases, consumers are more likely to purchase Pepsi at a lower price, thereby increasing its demand. Complementary goods are items that are typically purchased in conjunction within one another. Examples a re ringed binders and notebook paper, pencils and erasers, and potato chips and dip. A negative cross elasticity of demand in complementary goods means that the increase in price of one good, an example being potato chips, will decrease the demand for the complementary product that goes with it, the dip.Income elasticity measures the responsiveness of consumers to changes in their incomes (McConnell, p 88). Demand for normal goods tends to increase as consumers incomes increase and conversely, demand for inferior goods tends to decrease as consumers income increases.Demand is elastic where there is a large availability of substitutes. The reason for this as the price of a good increases, if there is a large meat of substitutes for this particular good, the consumer will choose the substitute. As discussed earlier, soda is an excellent example of this elasticity. Airline tickets are another example. As one airline raises its cost of a ticket or to even pay for a bag to be checked, a consumer will more likely choose a cheaper ticket or an airline that doesnt charge for baggage over the original.If there is no (or a very limited) amount of substitutes for a good, elasticity is said to be negative. A price change in medication will not likely change the behavior of a consumer relative to demand since there isnt a substitute to taking the medication. Household utilities are another example of a limited amount of substitutes.In discussing the proportion if ones income devoted to a good concept, the household cipher comes into play. In a given month, households pay for many different good and services. A change in price may or may not affect the households demand for those goods and services. Often, it is dependant on how much of the household budget is devoted to that good or service. Mobile phone service is an excellent example of a service that will most likely have a large amount of a household budget dedicated to it.A change in price in the cell phone service will most likely result in that family making a decision to change to a cheaper service, since that will have a large impact on their budget. On the other hand, that same household may purchase light bulbs each month. The amount of money dedicated to the purchase of light bulbs is so small, that a price increase will not likely affect the budget, therefore the family will not likely make a decision to change to a cheaper bulb.The concept of time when discussing demand is important. When a consumer hasa large amount of time to decide on the purchase of a good or service, the elasticity is positive. Conversely, if there is little time, the elasticity is said to be negative. According to McConnell, and excellent example of this is gasoline for automobiles. Gasoline prices change daily and more often than not, prices rise. A family, who owns a car and is dependent on that car for work, etc, will not likely stop buying gas in the sort-term, because it is crucial to their everyday living .However, that family over a long period of time may decide to find alternate means of travel, decreasing their demand for gas.Using the graphs for elasticity of demand and total revenue, areas of elasticity, inelasticity and unit elasticity have been identified. Demand is elastic between the prices of $80.00 and $50.00, meaning the demand increases as the price decreases, resulting in an increase of total revenue. Between the prices of $50.00 and $40.00, the demand in unit elastic, meaning the percentage of drop in price resulted in the same percentage of increase in demand. Revenue remained unchanged in this price range.Between the prices of $40.00 and $0, the demand is inelastic, meaning the price drop has resulted in an increase in demand, but not enough to over come the decrease. heart and soul revenue has been negatively impacted.